dimecres, 16 de gener del 2019

Joaquín 'El Chapo' Guzmán by The Guardian staff

El Chapo paid $100m bribe to former Mexican president Peña Nieto, witness says
$100m: 100 millions of dollars

Bribe: If one person bribes another, they give them a bribe. A bribe is a sum of money or something valuable that one person offers or gives to another in order to persuade him or her to do something.

Alex Cifuentes, a close associate of the cartel chief, testified that he told US authorities about the alleged bribe in 2016
Alleged: An alleged fact has been stated but has not been proved to be true. (suposat, supuesto)


Guardian staff and agencies

Tue 15 Jan 2019 22.04 GMT

A witness at the US trial of Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán has testified that he told US authorities the accused Mexican drug lord once paid a $100m bribe to the former Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto.
Alex Cifuentes, who has said he was a close associate of the Sinaloa cartel chief for years, discussed the alleged bribe under cross-examination by one of Guzman’s lawyers in Brooklyn federal court on Tuesday. Asked if he told authorities in 2016 that Guzmán arranged the bribe, he answered: “That’s right.”
Discuss [dɪskʌs ]: If you discuss something, you write or talk about it in detail, talk over, explain…
Cross-examination: When a lawyer cross-examines someone during a trial or hearing, he or she questions them about the evidence that they have already given.

Peña Nieto was president of Mexico from December 2012 until November 2018. He previously served as governor of the state of Mexico.

The former president made no immediate comment on the allegation. His former spokesman and other former officials did not immediately respond to messages requesting comment.

Guzmán, 61, has been on trial in federal court in Brooklyn since November. He was extradited to the United States in 2017 to face charges of trafficking cocaine, heroin and other drugs into the country as leader of the cartel.

At the start of the trial in November, defence attorney Jeffrey Lichtman alleged on behalf of his client that that Mexican officials – including Peña Nieto and his predecessor – had received bribes to protect Ismael “El Mayo” Zambada, another reputed trafficker who is still at large.
Attorney: In the United States, an attorney or attorney at law is a lawyer.
On behalf of: Speaking for; representing
At large: If you say that a dangerous person, thing, or animal is at large, you mean that they have not been captured or made safe.

At the time, a spokesman for Peña Nieto called the allegation “false and defamatory”, while his predecessor Felipe Calderón tweeted that the remarks were “absolutely false and reckless”.
Reckless: Not regarding consequences; headlong and irresponsible; rash

The judge in the case, Brian Cogan admonished Lichtman for having gone “far afield of direct or circumstantial proof”. He said he would instruct the jury to focus on the evidence.
Far afield: A long way away. In general, it’s said “from far afield”. If someone comes from far afield, they come from a long way away.

At the end of the first week of trial, Guzmán’s lawyers told the judge that a witness would describe a payment to an “incumbent” Mexican president.
Incumbent: An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time.

He was stopped from doing so by a prosecutors’ motion, upheld by Judge Cogan, “protecting individuals and entities who are not parties to this case and who would face embarrassment”.
Prosecutor [prɒsɪkjuːtəʳ]: In some countries, a prosecutor is a lawyer or official who brings charges against someone or tries to prove in a trial that they are guilty.
Uphold upheld upheld: If you uphold something such as a law, a principle, or a decision, you support and maintain it.




From Wikipedia:
The Guadalajara Cartel (Spanish: Cártel de Guadalajara) was a Mexican drug cartel which was formed in the 1980s by Rafael Caro Quintero, Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo and Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo in order to ship cocaine and marijuana to the United States. Among the first of the Mexican drug trafficking groups to work with the Colombian cocaine mafias, the Guadalajara cartel prospered from the cocaine trade.

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